ali zare; Mokhtar Zardouei
Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2019, , Pages 213-231
Abstract
In international trade agreements, due to the diversity and multiplicity of commercial and non-commercial risks such as import and export restrictions, expropriation, exchange rate ...
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In international trade agreements, due to the diversity and multiplicity of commercial and non-commercial risks such as import and export restrictions, expropriation, exchange rate fluctuations, war, etc., the need to guarantee in the contract is a basic need; As stated in the principles of international trade agreements, the existence of a proportionate and efficient guarantee. Of course, the choice of any guarantee method is first the responsibility of the parties and then the responsibility of their advisors. There are many examples of guarantees in the field of international trade, some of which are in fact the same traditional guarantee institutions that have a new and evolved function; Like international mortgages and some others, they are completely new and have been created as a result of the intellectual leaks of lawyers in response to the commercial needs of the time (such as documentary credit).
